单纯疱疹病毒感染是什么单纯疱疹病毒感染是什么？经常会看到有的人嘴上起泡了，有的人舌头起泡等情况，一去医院检查就会被告知是单纯疱疹病毒感染了，很多人都会感到疑惑，这个病毒到底是什么呢？今天有喜网就来给科普一下什么是单纯疱疹病毒感染？单纯疱疹病毒（herpes simplex virus，HSV）是疱疹病毒的典型代表，由于感染急性期发生水疱性皮炎即单纯疱疹而得名。能引起人类多种疾病，如龈口炎（gingivostomatitis）、角膜结膜炎（keratoconjunctivitis）、脑炎（encephalitis）以及生殖系统感染和新生儿的感染。在感染宿主后，常在神经细胞中建立潜伏感染，激活后又会出现无症状的排毒，在人群中维持传播链，周而复始地循环。如何导致单纯疱疹病毒感染是如何导致的？人是单纯疱疹病毒的自然宿主，人群中感染极为普遍，初次感染中的80%—90%为隐性感染，大多无明显症状，少数为显性感染，常见的临床表现为黏膜或皮肤局部的疱疹。初次感染后多转为潜伏感染，受外界刺激后可引起复发。传染源为患者和带毒者，传播途径为直接接触或性接触，病毒可以通过破损皮肤、黏膜启动感染 。此外，HSV-1和HSV-2可能分别与唇癌、外阴癌及子宫颈癌有关 。原发感染原发感染多发生在6个月-2岁的婴幼儿和学龄前儿童中。原发感染常局限在口咽部，病毒通过呼吸道或直接接触患者唾液传播，引起口龈炎，表现为发热、咽喉痛，在牙龈和咽颊部出现成群疱疹，疱疹破溃后形成溃疡，大量病毒集中在病灶内，，此外，病毒还可引起疱疹性角膜结膜炎、唇疱疹、疱疹性脑炎和皮肤疱疹性湿疹等疾病。HSV-2的原发感染主要通过性传播，引起生殖器疱疹（genital herpes），表现为生殖器部位出现水疱，破裂后形成溃疡，并发症包括生殖器外损伤和无菌性脑膜炎。少数原发感染也可由HSV-1引起 。潜伏感染与复发感染HSV原发感染后，机体特异性免疫系统将会清除大部分病毒而使症状缓解，未被清除的病毒通过感觉神经纤维到达感觉神经节，并长期潜伏在神经细胞内，病毒并不复制，不引起临床症状，对抗病毒药物不敏感。HSV-1潜伏于三叉神经节和颈上神经节；HSV-2则潜伏于骶神经节。当机体受到发热、轴突损伤、身体或情绪压力、某些细菌或病毒感染以及日晒或使用肾上腺皮质激素等各种非特异性因素刺激时，病毒可被激活，并沿感觉神经纤维行至末梢神经支配的皮肤和黏膜上皮细胞内重新增殖，引起局部疱疹复发。复发一般是在原发感染的同一部位，而且由于机体的免疫反应限制病毒复制，所以复发感染一般病程较短，感染病灶更局限，组织损伤轻，也可以无症状排毒。超过80%的人群存在HSV -l的潜伏形式，但仅有小部分人复发，机制尚不清 。新生儿及先天性感染妊娠期妇女如有HSV-1感染，病毒可能经胎盘感染胎儿，造成流产、早产、死胎或先天性畸形。孕妇如果罹患生殖道疱疹，分娩时胎儿如接触产道中的感染部位，则可出现皮肤和口腔局部损伤，发生新生儿疱疹，严重者出现全身症状或脑炎；75%的新生儿疱疹由HSV-2引起 。与宫颈癌的关系HSV-2感染与宫颈癌的发生具有密切关系。研究表明，宫颈癌患者体内抗HSV-2抗体阳性率高；而且患有生殖器疱疹的妇女，其宫颈癌的发病率明显升高。如何防止单纯疱疹病毒感染预防应以切断传播途径为主，尽量避免与患者密切接触，避免有害因素对机体的刺激，并积极锻炼身体，提高机体的免疫力。如孕妇围产期产道有HSV-2感染，可进行剖宫产以避免新生儿感染 。避免与患者接触或给易感人群注射特异性抗体，可减少HSV传播的危险。无症状带毒者的唾液、尿道或生殖道是HSV-2的重要载体，一旦出现损伤应避免性接触。在某些情况下（如羊膜未破时）可采取剖宫产，以减少新生儿与病损生殖器的接触。分娩后给新生儿注射特异性抗体或丙种球蛋白也可作为紧急预防措施以上就是有喜网对“单纯疱疹病毒感染是什么”做的简单介绍，相信看到这里以后大家应该对其有了大致的了解了，这种病毒是有传染性的，而切断传播就是最主要的预防方式了，大家一定要多加注意。尤其是孕妇和婴幼儿她们免疫力系统很低，如果发现周围有这种病毒的携带者，那么就应该做好防范措施了。 The Insider Secrets for How to Start an Argumentative Essay Exposed 　　It helps to decide to an issue you get yourself a strong opinion regarding. 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